FM DataSheets (FM规范）
转载：
财产风险控制（Property Risk Control）是FM的强项。FM工程师的用的是FMOS（锁在FM工程师电脑里不许复制散播），和大家看到的FMDS不同，其中有FM条例规范的解释以及变通的方法。多年前FMDS光盘也是要收费的，而现在已经公开了，可以在FM官网上下载，只要输入相关注册信息就行。规范更新时，还会邮件通知你。
虽然FM只是保险公司，它的FMDS（DataSheet）只能称其为技术规范，而不像 NFPA（国际认可的标准）和 GB（国家认可的标准）都是标准。但是由于FM在风控上的投入（FM在美国有自己的火灾实验室，通过火灾实验得到了许多宝贵的参数，如：火灾发展的特性、不同可燃物的火灾控制以及自动喷淋系统的保护等），他们得到了财产险风控领域的高度认可。NFPA的标准编制审核专家组成员中，有FM的资深工程师。NFPA和FM有许多技术规范也是相互借鉴的，只是个别的技术细节和参数有些不同。
由于FM Global 公司在财产险风险控制领域有着独特的地位，所以受到许多国际知名企业的推崇。在新建项目或者管理企业的风险时，他们会用FM的技术规范作为要求。因此，FMDS非常值得大家学习借鉴。
FMDS分为许多大类（会不定期更新），每个大类又包含许多规范，涵盖了财产险风控的四大要素COPE以及Utilities，其中以各种危害(Hazards)和保护系统(Protection) 尤为重要。所有FM项目的依据，都是出自这些规范。以下是关键的或常用的FMDS的目录，标红的为风控工程师必修课，大家可以按需下载学习，如果有机会一定要找专家指点迷津以便迅速提升，少走弯路。我们团队内部会定期举办专题培训，有针对性地提高大家的技术水准。
1. CONSTRUCTION
1-1 Firesafe Building Construction and Materials 1-2 Earthquakes 1-6 Cooling Towers 1-12 Ceilings and Concealed Spaces 1-20 Protection Against Exterior Fire Exposure 1-22 Maximum Foreseeable Loss 1-28 Wind Design 1-40 Flood 1-44 Damage-Limiting Construction 1-56 Cleanrooms |
2. SPRINKLERS (自动喷淋系统）
| 2-0 Installation Guidelines for AS |
| 2-0 Installation Guidelines for AS - 中文版 |
2-8 Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems |
2-8 Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems - 中文版 |
2-81 Fire Protection System Inspection, Testing and Maintenance and Other Fire LP Inspections |
| 2-89 Pipe Friction Loss Tables |
3. WATER SUPPLY (消防供水）
| 3-0 Hydraulics of Fire Protection Systems |
3-1 Tanks and Reservoirs for Interconnected Fire Service and Public |
| 3-2 Water Tanks for Fire Protection |
| 3-7 Fire Protection Pumps |
| 3-7 Fire Protection Pumps (消防泵中文版) |
3-10 Installation/Maintenance of Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances |
3-26 Fire Protection Water Demand for Nonstorage Sprinklered Properties |
| 3-26 CHN (中文版) |
| 3-29 Reliability of Fire Protection Water Supplies |
4. EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
4-0 Special Protection Systems
4-1N Fixed Water Spray Systems for FP
4-2 Water Mist Systems
4-3N Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems
4-4N Standpipe and Hose Systems
4-7N Low Expansion Foam Systems
4-9 Halocarbon and Inert Gas (Clean Agent) Fire
Extinguishing Systems
4-10 Dry Chemical Processing Systems
4-11N Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
4-12 Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems
5. ELECTRICAL
| 5-1 Electrical Equipment in Classified Locations |
| 5-3 Hydroelectric Power |
| 5-4 Transformers |
| 5-8 Static Electricity |
| 5-11 Lightning and Surge Protection for Electrical Systems |
| 5-23 Emergency and Standby Power Systems |
| 5-31 Cables and Bus Bars |
| 5-32 Data Centers and Related Facilities |
| 5-33 Electrical Energy Storage Systems |
| 5-40 Fire Alarm Systems |
| 5-48 Automatic Fire Detection |
| 5-49 Gas/Vapor Detectors and Analysis Systems |
6. BOILERS AND HEATING EQUIPMENT
6-0 Elements of Industrial Heating Equipment
6-6 Boiler-Furnaces Implosions
6-9 Industrial Ovens and Dryers
6-10 Process Furnaces
6-12 Low-water Protection for Boilers
6-14 Heat Recovery Boilers
6-17 Rotary Kilns and Dryers
6-22 Firetube Boilers
6-23 Watertube Boilers
7. HAZARDS
| 7-0 Causes and Effects of Fires and Explosions |
| 7-1 Fire Protection for Textile Mills |
| 7-7 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities |
| 7-11 Conveyors |
| 7-14 Fire Protection for Chemical Plants |
| 7-17 Explosion Protection Systems |
| 7-25 Molten Steel Production |
| 7-26 Glass Plants |
7-27 Spray Application of Ignitable & Combustible Materials |
7-29 Ignitable Liquid Storage in Portable Containers |
| 7-29 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-31 Storage of Aerosol Products |
| 7-32 Ignitable Liquid Operations |
| 7-32 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-36 Pharmaceutical Operations |
| 7-43 Process Safety |
7-45 Instrumentation and Control in Safety Applications |
| 7-46 Chemical Reactors and Reactions |
| 7-49 Emergency Venting of Vessels |
| 7-50 Compressed Gases in Portable Cylinders |
| 7-51 Acetylene |
| 7-52 Oxygen |
| 7-54 Natural Gas and Gas Piping |
| 7-55 LPG Storage in Stationary Installations |
| 7-57 Pulp and Paper Mills |
7-76 Prevention/Mitigation of Combustible Dust Explosion and Fire |
| 7-76 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-82N Storage of Liquid/Solid Oxidizing Materials (NFPA) |
| 7-83 Drainage and Containment Systems for Ignitable Liquids |
| 7-88 Ignitable Liquid Storage Tanks |
| 7-91 Hydrogen |
| 7-95 Compressors |
7-101 Fire Protection for Steam Turbines and Electric Generators |
| 7-108 Silane |
7-109 Fuel Fired Thermal Electric Power Generation Facilities |
| 7-111d Oilseed Extraction |
8. STORAGE (仓储）
8-1 Commodity Classification
8-9 Storage of Class 1,2,3 4 & Plastic Commodities
8-9 CHN (中文版)
8-10 Coal and Charcoal Storage
8-24 Idle Pallet Storage
8-29 Refrigerated Storage
8-34 Protection for Automatic Storage and
Retrieval Systems
9. MISCELLANEOUS
9-0 Asset Integrity
9-1 Supervision of Property
9-16 Burglary and Theft
9-18 Prevention of Freeze-Ups
9-19 Wildland Fire
10. HUMAN FACTOR (人员因素）
10-1 Pre-Incident Planning
10-2 Emergency Response
10-3 Hot Work Management
10-3 CHN (中文版)
10-4 Contractor Management
10-5 Disaster Recovery and Contingency Plan
10-6 Fire Protection Impairment Management
13. MECHANICAL
13-3 Steam Turbines
13-10 Wind Turbines
13-17 Gas Turbines
13-18 Fans and Blowers
13-24 Internal Combustion Engines
备注：
规范编号后缀带Ｎ的就是借鉴NFPA的。
当年还有一家保险公司IRI - Industrial Risk Insurer 在财产险风控工程领域和FM齐名，不过后来慢慢分解转型而造成目前FM似乎一家独大的局面。不过IRI的 Risk Control Manual 也是非常不错的材料，适合中高级风控工程师学习，有机会和大家分享。
FM以喷淋系统见长，NFPA也是相当推崇喷淋系统，所以行业内的真正专家没有对自动喷淋系统和消防供水系统不熟悉的（这些只是风控工程师的基本功）。喷淋泵是喷淋系统的心脏，重要程度可想而知。这里，我们就稍微展开一下，谈一谈专家对喷淋系统的选择。
喷淋系统供水
地上水池配合地上泵房是专业选择。喷淋泵通常推荐卧式分体离心泵（horizontal split-case centrifugal pump）。FM-approved柴油泵为佳, FM-approved电泵也可以接受（视企业内部规范而定）。
不是逼不得已不要采用地下水池设计。如果一定要地下水池，那么只能采用FM Approved 立式长轴涡轮泵（vertical-shaft turbine-type pump），或者地下泵房（增加通风等诸多要求）加卧式分体离心泵。（具体内容可以参考NFPA20以及FMDS3-7自学）
喷淋系统设计
根据风险等级决定喷水强度和作用面积，可以用软件做水力计算。（具体内容可以参考NFPA13或者FMDS2-0自学，对英语困难户的好消息是FMDS2-0也有中文版的，据说当初FM请新加坡华人翻译的，虽然译得有点艰涩，但还算可读。）
管网
推荐球墨铸铁管（ductile iron）埋地加水泥支墩（thrust block）。地上镀锌钢管丝扣连接，不允许焊接
分段阀推荐PIV（post indicative valve），喜欢挖阀井用闸阀也可以
喷淋头
型号和温度等级根据现场风险情况确定
喷头安装防阻挡，美标国标都有要求