拜耳学许可作业制度（中英译）
A Permit to Work system is a formal written system used to control certain types of work, which are identified as potentially hazardous.
作业许可证制度是一种对某些类型的作业进行控制的正式书面制度。
Essential features of a Permit to Work system are:
作业许可证制度的基本特征为：
► Clear identification of who may authorize particular jobs,
明确地规定谁有权批准某些特殊的作业，
► Training and instruction in the issue and use of permits.
就作业许可证的颁发和使用进行必要的培训和指导。
► Monitoring and auditing to ensure that the system works as intended.
对作业许可证的使用进行监督和审核，确保制度的实施满足预期的目标。
Permit Display
Copies of a Permit to Work should be clearly displayed:
应该在下列场合清楚地显示作业许可证的内容：
► At the work site.在作业场所。
► In the permit co-ordination room, with additional copies at the worksite.
在许可证办公室，留有作业现场许可证的副本。
Permit Suspension
If for any reason work controlled by a permit has to be suspended then the permit will immediately be returned to the Superintendent who will acknowledge the fact and co-ordinate the return of all permits to the Permit Office.
如果由于各种原因，原来受许可证控制的某项作业不得不暂时停止, 则应该将许可证立即返还所在部门的主管，再由主管向许可证办公室通报，并将各种许可证退还给许可证办公室。
Example of reasons for suspension are:
许可证暂时收回执行的理由举例如下：
► Site general alarm.现场出现一般的报警。
► Operational reasons.操作原因。
► Conflict of work activities.作业发生冲突。
► Expiry of period for which permit is valid.作业许可证有效期到期。
► Change in work site conditions.作业现场的情况发生变化
After suspension it will be necessary, once permission has been given to recommence work, to have the permit re-validated before the work can restart.
在许可证暂时收回以后，一旦允许重新开始作业，则在重新开始作业之前，必须对原颁发的许可证重新核准。
Cross Reference
It is important to make sure that one activity under a Permit to Work does not create danger for another ongoing activity.
在根据作业许可证进行某项作业时，必须确保不对其它正在进行中的工作构成威胁。这一点是非常重要的。
The site HSE team should be aware of potential interaction and should check when a permit is prepared whether it impinges on one already issued.
现场HSE 小组应该清楚地意识到各种作业之间可能存在的关联关系，在准备签发许可证时，应该仔细确认它是否与此前颁发的许可作业之间存在着冲突。
许可证的重新核准
When a permit is authorized by site HSE team, it will have a time expiry placed on it. This may vary form a few hours to a full shift, depending upon the nature of the work being undertaken and the frequency at which the activity is repeated.
现场HSE 小组在签发许可证时，应该注明许可证的有效时间。有效期有可能是几个小时，也有可能是整个班次，具体要由作业的性质以及作业重复的频率决定。
If, at the end of this time period, the work being controlled by the permit is not complete the permit may be revalidated by the responsible person, who shall ensure, together with the site HSE team, that the original conditions required by the permit are still being met.
如果在有效期到期时，许可证规定的作业没有如期完成，则应该由相关的负责人对许可证进行重新核准。负责核准的人员在核准之前，必须与现场HSE小组一起，确认许可证原对应的作业条件是否已经发生变化。
Hand Back
Prior to the permit being signed off and handed back the following must be met:
在注销并交还许可证之前，必须满足下列条件：
► Has the work been completed; this should be confirmed by the permit holder. 指定的作业是否已经完成？许可证持有者必须对此予以确认。
► Has the site/area been left in a safe condition?
作业完成以后有关现场或区域是否安全情况良好？
► Has the person in control of operations acknowledged the return of the
permit? 有关的作业负责人是否知道许可证已经退还？
Responsibilities under Permit to Work System
Duties are placed on various persons with regard to the operation of a Permit to Work system. In general these are as follows:
在执行作业许可证制度过程中，不同的人承担着不同的责任。总的分工如下：
► The Contractor - who must ensure that all persons within his employment have a clear understanding of how the PTW system operates. In the case of Contractors this is normally undertaken in conjunction with the Superintendent,
承包商---负责保证他所雇佣的所有员工都能正确地理解作业许可证制度的运行方式。对承包商而言，他可能更多的是与现场主管合作执行这一制度。
► *******- who must establish a Permit Office to issue and co-ordinate the permits and identify those activities for which a permit is required.
******/---负责建立一个许可证办公室，来专门管理颁发和协调许可证事宜，并
明确哪些作业需要申请许可证。
► The site HSE team, - who is responsible for accepting the permit for a particular activity and must ensure that the conditions of the permit are maintained throughout its period of validity.
现场HSE 组---负责接受并处理特殊作业的许可证申请，并确保在许可证有效期内，作业现场的作业条件不发生根本性的变化。
► The employee - who must understand and adhere to the conditions and
requirements stipulated on the permit and not undertake any activities, which cannot be understood or are not covered by the permit.
员工---必须；理解并遵守相关许可证上规定的作业条件和作业要求，不从事任何不理解的或超出许可证许可范围的作业。
Training Required
Training on Permit to Work systems is necessary for all persons who may be involved. This should include managers, supervisors, safety engineers of site HSE team, approver of Permit and contractors.
对于所有涉及的人员，都必须进行有关作业许可证制度方面的培训。这些人员包括各级经理、主管、现场HSE 组的安全工程师、许可证批准人和承包商。
Responsible people and personnel responsible for carrying out any isolation should be formally assessed before appointment.
在指定各级负责人和负责实施隔离的人员前，要进行正式的评估。
Before formal appointment by the Construction Manager responsible people should be assessed on:
在施工经理进行正式任命之前，应该对将要被任命的负责人员进行以下方面
的评估：
► Work experience.工作经验
► Familiarization.熟悉程度
► Training 培训
► Result of a written test 书面测试的结果.
Training should be covering the legal requirements, official guidance and company guidance.
培训内容包括法律要求、官方的指导材料和公司的指导材料。
Type of Permit
Permit to Work Certificates required will generally cover the following areas:
一般情况下，在下列场合作业需要事先申请作业许可证。
► Hot Work, i.e. welding, flame cutting, grinding.
高温作业，例如，焊接、火焰切割和磨削等。
► Confined Space work 密闭空间作业
► Electrical work 电气作业
► Excavations 挖掘作业
► Work involving the use of dangerous substances i.e. radioactive material and explosives.
使用危险材料的作业，如放射性材料和易爆炸材料。
► Pressure testing 压力试验
► Lifting Operations over 25 Tons, the length more than 23.6m or using two cranes.
25 吨以上的起吊作业，所吊物件任一边长超过23.6 米或两台吊机并行作业。
Permit to work forms will be individually numbered and carbonized. The white copy will be kept by the PTW Controller. The red copy will be issued for work.
作业许可证的表格是单独编号和彩印的。白色联通常由作业许可证的控制员保存。红色联用于作业。
Monitoring
The Permit to Work system will monitored and audited on a regular basis
应该对作业许可证制度的执行情况进行定期的监督和审核。
Review
The Permit to Work system will be reviewed regularly to assess its effectiveness and amended and updated as necessary.
对作业许可证制度进行定期的评估，其目的是为了评价它的效用，并视需要进行必要的修正和更新。